Spring is an exciting time for home gardeners! The final frost has passed, Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud) and other early spring bloomers are putting on a show, and local plant sales are taking place. It is also a great time to plant annuals, perennials, and shrubs and trees that have not yet come out of dormancy.
Proper installation is crucial for a plant's long-term success. Following these tips will help ensure that new plants thrive in their new location!
- Make a Plan
Before shopping for new plants, it is important to have a plan. Assess the planting area to take stock of what is already there in terms of existing plants, light conditions, and available space. This will make selecting new plants easier. Research plants using the North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox “Find a Plant” feature to identify plants that fit your site specifications. When planning, apply the concept “right plant, right place” to match plants with the growing conditions available.
During the planning phase, conduct a soil test. Soil samples should be completed before starting any new project, and no pH amendments or fertilizers should be applied without soil test recommendations. In Brunswick County, soil sample kits can be picked up at the N.C. State Cooperative Extension Center or at designated retail locations found here.
- Inspect the Plants
Before purchasing or accepting any plant shipments, inspect plants for signs of disease or insects. Avoid purchasing struggling plants, as they are more likely to suffer from transplant shock. It is best to start with healthy, disease- and insect-free plants.
- Prepare the Site
Remove all weeds from the landscape bed before planting. The best way to manage weeds long-term is to start with a clean slate, minimizing seed dispersal and germination.
Site preparation also includes amending the soil based on soil test results and checking for adequate drainage. It is easier to incorporate soil amendments such as lime, fertilizer, compost, or topsoil before planting. Adding compost or other organic matter can improve soil structure and drainage.
- Proper Spacing
Once the site is prepared, place the new plants (still in their containers) in the general area where they will be installed. This helps visualize the final design and ensures proper spacing. Be sure to account for the mature size of each plant, as this will reduce root competition and overcrowding in the future.
- Dig the Hole
It is finally time to dig the planting hole! The hole should be 2 to 3 times wider than the container or root ball, but no deeper than the root ball itself. The root flare should remain slightly above the soil line, so it is crucial not to plant too deeply.
- Fill the Hole
Remove the plant from its container and inspect the root system. Container-grown plants can sometimes be root-bound. If so, use your hands, a knife, or pruners to loosen or slice through the dense outer roots to encourage outward growth. Backfill the hole with native soil rather than amended soil to promote proper root establishment.
- Add Organic Matter
A layer of mulch, pine straw, or other organic material is the finishing touch. A 2–3 inch layer helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and create a uniform appearance. Keep mulch away from the base of the plant and avoid covering the root flare to prevent rot.
- Water
After planting and mulching, thoroughly water the area to help settle the soil and eliminate air pockets. New plants require frequent watering during the first few weeks of establishment. Once established, most plants need about one inch of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation.
Taking the time to plan, properly prepare the site, and follow best planting practices gives new plants the best possible start. Sustainable landscapes rely on thoughtful installation to set the foundation for years of healthy growth and enjoyment. Happy planting!
